
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa njira yolumikizirana ndi mkodzo panthawi ya opaleshoni ya urological ya endoscopic, motero zimathandiza kuti ma endoscope ndi zida zina zidutse mu mkodzo.
| Chitsanzo | Chiphaso cha Chikwama (Fr) | Chizindikiro cha m'chifuwa (mm) | Utali (mm) |
| ZRH-NQG-9.5-13 | 9.5 | 3.17 | 130 |
| ZRH-NQG-9.5-20 | 9.5 | 3.17 | 200 |
| ZRH-NQG-10-45 | 10 | 3.33 | 450 |
| ZRH-NQG-10-55 | 10 | 3.33 | 550 |
| ZRH-NQG-11-28 | 11 | 3.67 | 280 |
| ZRH-NQG-11-35 | 11 | 3.67 | 350 |
| ZRH-NQG-12-55 | 12 | 4.0 | 550 |
| ZRH-NQG-13-45 | 13 | 4.33 | 450 |
| ZRH-NQG-13-55 | 13 | 4.33 | 550 |
| ZRH-NQG-14-13 | 14 | 4.67 | 130 |
| ZRH-NQG-14-20 | 14 | 4.67 | 200 |
| ZRH-NQG-16-13 | 16 | 5.33 | 130 |
| ZRH-NQG-16-20 | 16 | 5.33 | 200 |

Pakati
Pakati pake pali cholumikizira cha sprial kuti chikhale chosinthasintha komanso cholimba kwambiri ku kinking ndi kupsinjika.
Chophimba Chosangalatsa cha Madzi
Zimalola kuti zikhale zosavuta kuziyika. Chophimba chabwino chapangidwa kuti chikhale cholimba m'magulu awiri.


Lumen Yamkati
Lumen yamkati imakutidwa ndi PTFE kuti ithandize kutumiza ndi kuchotsa chipangizocho mosalala. Kapangidwe ka khoma lopyapyala kamapereka lumen yamkati yayikulu kwambiri pomwe ikuchepetsa kukula kwakunja.
Nsonga yopyapyala
Kusintha kosasokonekera kuchokera ku diator kupita ku chivundikiro kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyika.
Nsonga ya radiopaque ndi chivundikiro chake zimathandiza kuona mosavuta malo omwe ali.

Chigoba cholowera mu ureteral chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni ya urological endoscopy ndi opaleshoni, popanda kupanga njira yoyimirira, kuti chithandize ma endoscope ndi zida zochitira opaleshoni kulowa mu mkodzo, zomwe zingathandize kuti endoscopy ipambane mwa odwala omwe ali ndi ureteral stenosis ndi lumen yaying'ono, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo cha kuyang'anira ndi kuchiza kungateteze ureteral panthawi yosinthana zida mobwerezabwereza ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu; "J-tube" isanakhazikitsidwe ureteraloscopy ikhoza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kupambana kwa endoscopy, ndipo kuyika "J-tube" pambuyo pa opaleshoni kungathandize kupewa ndi kuchiza kutsekeka kwa ureteral komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutupa kwa ureteral ndi miyala yosweka.
Malinga ndi deta ya Wind, chiwerengero cha matenda a urogenital omwe amatulutsidwa m'zipatala m'dziko langa chinawonjezeka kuchoka pa 2.03 miliyoni mu 2013 kufika pa 6.27 miliyoni mu 2019, ndi kukula kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kwa 20.67%, pomwe chiwerengero cha urolithiasis chinatulutsidwa kuchokera pa 330,000 mu 2013. Chinawonjezeka kufika pa 660,000 mu 2019, ndi kukula kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kwa 12.36%. Akuyerekeza kuti msika wapachaka wa milandu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito "ureteral (soft) mirror holmium laser lithotripsy" yokha idzapitirira 1 biliyoni.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa chiwerengero cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mkodzo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maopaleshoni a mkodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito zokhudzana ndi mkodzo ziwonjezeke.
Kuchokera pakuwona kwa chidebe cholowera mu ureteral, pakadali pano pali zinthu pafupifupi 50 zomwe zavomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration ku China, kuphatikiza zinthu zopitilira 30 zapakhomo ndi zinthu khumi zomwe zatumizidwa kunja. Zambiri mwa izo ndi zinthu zomwe zangovomerezedwa kumene m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo mpikisano wamsika ukukula pang'onopang'ono.